Northern horsebalm

Collinsonia canadensis, commonly called stoneroot or northern horsebalm, is a perennial herb in the Lamiaceae family, native to moist deciduous woodlands of eastern North America from Quebec south to Florida and west to Wisconsin and Arkansas. It typically grows 60 to 120 cm tall from a hard, knotty, almost stone-like rhizome that gives the plant its common name. The square stems are erect, glabrous and freely branched in the inflorescence. Leaves are opposite, ovate to broadly elliptic, 10 to 25 cm long, with coarsely serrate margins, a pointed tip and a thin, slightly aromatic texture; when bruised the foliage releases a lemony, balm-like fragrance. From mid to late summer the plant produces large terminal panicles of small, pale yellow, two-lipped tubular flowers with prominent exserted stamens and a fringed lower lip. Flowering is fragrant and attractive to pollinators. Fruits are small dry nutlets typical of the mint family.