Zhu Dan
Sus scrofa domestica Brisson
โฏ TCM Properties
Clears Heat; Moistens Dryness; Resolves Toxicity; Stops Cough and Calms Wheezing; Moistens the Intestines and Unblocks the Bowels
Botanical Description
Zhu Dan is the dried bile or gallbladder of the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domestica L. (Suidae), obtained as a byproduct of slaughter. The fresh bile, a viscous green-yellow fluid stored in the gallbladder, is collected and either concentrated by evaporation to a dark brown extract (Zhu Dan Zhi) or the entire bile-filled gallbladder is dried whole. The substance contains conjugated bile acids (notably hyodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acid), bile pigments (bilirubin, biliverdin), cholesterol, and phospholipids responsible for emulsifying fats and modulating intestinal flora. In traditional Chinese medicine, Zhu Dan is bitter, cold, and slightly toxic, entering the liver, gallbladder, lung, and large intestine channels; it clears heat, moistens dryness, resolves toxicity, transforms phlegm, and stops cough, used for cough with thick yellow phlegm, constipation from heat dryness, eye redness, jaundice, and topically for skin sores. It is an ingredient in classical formulas such as Dan Dao Pai Shi Tang and historically used to coat pills (Zhu Dan Zhi Wan).
Dosage
| Form | Amount | Frequency | Duration | Population | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| decoction | 6-15g | Daily | โ | โ | โ |
Cultural & Historical Context
Traditional Chinese Uses
Zhu Dan (pig bile) is a cold, bitter substance that clears internal Heat, moistens intestinal dryness, and resolves toxins. In Chinese medicine it is most recognized for addressing constipation from fluid depletion, chronic cough and wheezing from heat-dryness, sore throat, and red, inflamed eyes. Its historical significance is notable โ Zhang Zhongjing's Shang Han Lun employed it both as a rectal enema for constipation and as an emergency ingredient for severe Yang-collapse conditions.
Traditional American Uses
None Documented
Important Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any herbal remedy, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or taking medications.